date: Wed Nov 11 16:23:17 1998 from: Keith Briffa to: m.salmon@uea >Return-path: >Envelope-to: f023@cpca11.uea.ac.uk >Delivery-date: Sat, 17 Oct 1998 03:37:33 +0100 >Original-Received: by > kintra.krasnoyarsk.su (/\oo/\ Smail3.1.29.1 #29.2) > with Taylor UUCP v1.06 Sat, 17 Oct 98 10:24 KRSK >PP-warning: Illegal Received field on preceding line >To: k.briffa@uea.ac.uk >Organization: Institute of Forest >From: Eugene Vaganov >Date: Sat, 17 Oct 1998 10:09:48 +0400 (MSD) >From: From >Lines: 1489 > >trwcrn.rwm >Tree-ring widths (TRW) chronology: > >-------------------------------------------------------------------- >Ident., Trees, Inent. N (trees) > No. No. >-------------------------------------------------------------------- >1) 118 all living and dead 2209-years chronology >2)* 4 MAY,925,927,928, CHA044 >3)* 1 CHA-H1 >4)* 1 MAY702 >5)* 1 NOV001 >6)* 1 CHA-H6 >7)* 1 NOV078 >8)* 1 NOV-A02 >9)* 1 CHA005 >10)* 1 NOV029 >11)* 5 CHA060,012,009,017,001 >--------------------------------------------------------------------- >* - calibrated radiocarbon age > >1) all living and dead 2209-years chronology > 2209=N -212=I 1) 118 samples -5(13F6.0)~ > 23000 24000 42000 14000 27000 21000 13000 28000 20000 30000 38000 65000 58000 > 54000 66000 65000 16000 55000 46000 56000 53000 68000 29000 21000 48000 15000 > 29000 25000 32000 22000 31000 29000 18000 27000 53000 41000 35000 47000 66000 > 89000 52000 28000 34000 39000 33000 25000 28000 36000 32000 43000 47000 63000 > 49000 49000 50000 56000 40000 42000 46500 65000 28000 30500 55000 40500 44500 > 24500 24500 50500 6500 22500 39000 37000 54000 30000 47500 41000 23000 52000 > 56000 46000 35000 44000 71000 53000 73000 87000 64000 53000 44000 52000 48500 > 41000 45000 50000 61500 42000 48000 58500 44000 50000 78500 62500 46000 73500 > 45000 90500 64000 99000 64000 53500 90000 80000 45000 64000 87500 37000 55500 > 74500 88500 61500 58500 66000 88500 76500116500 84500 88500 44500 70500 26000 > 46000 51000 15000 42000 55000 81000 76000 67000 61000 34000 28000 24000 54000 > 34000 46000 27000 37000 33000 53000 56000 51000 52000 52000 64000 58000 39000 > 48000 35000 51000 49000 37000 43000 55000 32000 39000 57000 34000 29000 45000 > 49000 11000 33000 45000 36000 36000 32000 32000 41000 43000 30000 15000 43000 > 16000 23000 50000 46000 30000 23000 10000 38000 26000 28000 26000 19000 21000 > 27000 27000 18000 11000 20000 12000 16000 12000 24000 16000 20000 22000 11000 > 28000 22017 28065 21856 12882 14098 22014 25112 35140 14161 1219 19996 13315 > 13517 10704 15207 19702 19134 16446 3039 17992 25257 15901 23191 23203 1000 > 27479 15919 11296 19473 10860 19530 15335 26299 9411 5291 31041 12069 4539 > 27818 7493 10411 7919 10605 9945 17887 14974 13111 12423 8397 3226 22759 > 13618 10784 12556 15426 18972 22968 16454 17000 19389 10860 16583 17472 16410 > 29186 14931 19302 13833 21143 7466 21325 6210 18981 19848 12337 19850 26400 > 18285 20246 31337 23294 13450 17941 34285 38733 27586 32435 25338 21392 32594 > 28435 35517 40156 18777 23268 28298 30149 19095 25926 42906 39255 34173 22065 > 29118 17902 27172 38119 37347 25090 6500 34301 26855 5941 38507 35826 14832 > 22651 22197 36162 32763 24581 31479 25689 34191 36718 42915 26990 26878 43824 > 34625 32174 57385 51360 55039 55054 37906 18168 34882 34761 41604 12657 13161 > 16197 31916 24132 21855 30630 36385 30745 24153 40741 30006 33620 26577 33367 > 26186 38229 29349 52789 47438 35978 47997 17548 51853 46033 28743 12085 27608 > 34020 17925 32088 34944 33101 4081 30879 17446 15978 28435 18335 35868 22251 > 21528 34309 2773 6384 9014 19779 23547 26701 11470 22866 13911 18834 21164 > 20124 10157 23354 23804 25057 14675 20483 14798 8351 21108 8335 10598 17069 > 23246 30087 13235 14254 15864 2164 9347 19932 7031 20000 12181 12757 3687 > 20469 14247 10620 8746 28494 27058 13708 17022 20529 15788 28236 10115 19326 > 18135 23963 15390 7162 17279 32849 31069 16989 24420 13018 25653 14928 27235 > 23283 18571 29915 27266 33951 24041 47844 47675 44769 46163 46952 19771 23019 > 38639 34723 33079 33469 21124 29181 20774 26725 29081 34518 17204 28940 37208 > 32775 58976 10594 42606 48863 36946 32213 41849 27432 39733 16259 35834 34341 > 62407 42028 44445 35859 29798 36765 23502 18434 20274 45121 21526 24560 31877 > 34800 38334 20428 8781 37238 19716 7604 19439 30829 32487 20464 29784 31750 > 31928 23184 25438 32931 32310 39233 32585 27749 35201 28107 26776 28485 12709 > 15027 33760 11325 31204 31662 30223 36039 40012 25509 8772 19157 35361 17630 > 29531 29212 31187 24300 4562 21532 31632 10503 29400 31222 25730 28030 26917 > 4688 12078 26173 26710 9482 10246 28444 24912 24827 28289 17974 20492 7018 > 21514 34516 33310 36256 44727 45114 28650 23419 33516 11778 43465 20220 25175 > 23955 21139 26410 28461 35890 14156 38692 4772 28678 23572 30616 34457 38619 > 34856 26276 23577 22361 19873 37267 34284 15317 24184 48975 37987 31429 35273 > 18054 43859 16763 36500 38608 21093 31207 32854 30413 13416 33594 19433 30082 > 19389 15758 27999 39612 44671 37417 39594 37086 28268 12974 30605 29249 37753 > 33663 11363 36143 21306 46288 16113 30107 18372 38803 28205 29546 14434 46587 > 26678 41108 43586 37374 30224 28331 31544 30825 32838 26578 33066 20678 36675 > 25315 28839 26035 37685 30226 24501 28528 33510 51162 13581 21995 29417 32967 > 23924 14920 20805 20512 25141 25598 25703 18462 17040 21751 16046 21996 18069 > 20342 35014 28332 35165 35442 33871 33850 27816 23579 31256 28535 12889 22552 > 32800 23463 18168 23192 13514 12918 18007 9645 12635 13072 21150 14148 23932 > 9018 12498 18710 16600 21805 7213 22851 15759 15814 15200 23895 13963 25953 > 17684 20987 27162 17110 30437 32360 29106 16759 32655 33595 19709 33258 6052 > 26222 17722 34334 39148 11789 42244 36821 1797 4814 13594 26070 12939 6916 > 23229 4446 10246 7540 13714 22299 20476 19088 13476 18404 3900 19064 32509 > 18843 22990 28820 26310 43229 39537 31840 28824 37437 49123 36642 26598 35534 > 22271 52498 57130 24689 41995 27017 30140 37749 57837 25520 46108 54090 49658 > 45089 24465 57550 46258 47711 57767 40029 55404 32947 54873 46590 58746 34993 > 54879 61748 27910 32067 31872 7046 36295 37264 37901 26789 30777 43434 37700 > 29501 43272 44470 25658 40156 29332 20015 29524 36727 36948 31928 29953 19737 > 41447 12328 39805 22439 26927 23239 39549 7098 15840 20929 23772 15353 28007 > 22955 21463 24290 8873 17708 27278 21769 28332 18403 23837 14195 28935 20013 > 26065 23293 17814 25742 24984 18238 28932 31088 8914 36008 13544 29850 32271 > 43589 40051 23543 16407 22265 30511 16002 27839 32794 22413 10217 39905 27802 > 20776 26814 33852 34807 22456 20637 4815 21855 37894 25930 1818 6596 23364 > 29193 17672 24675 23853 5993 1193 29426 28114 14413 24810 26160 25576 11685 > 23679 28930 27702 26763 11733 36410 22337 39023 39591 5069 35118 21200 20396 > 8735 31218 18536 17272 31415 7196 22859 27298 25531 19425 10399 23570 12696 > 8352 15032 18992 14626 15444 18765 19280 16423 13234 21223 18692 21367 30821 > 15418 19031 27041 18009 33393 21949 9369 17344 27753 26670 14494 37218 36654 > 23904 16576 15594 29869 8638 29094 10394 19081 16729 39305 24061 16216 18959 > 35626 30247 34454 27558 23983 33922 24609 29676 30460 18236 15331 13953 11694 > 24988 14321 19124 20936 4785 26340 29808 33539 20732 42390 43144 48471 35663 > 44234 58963 18491 38119 42704 34253 30509 45563 28242 40627 26959 19787 30831 > 17054 29454 14203 11907 23517 12541 22802 33360 23233 45317 36219 25209 18721 > 16921 19920 27720 26663 34059 49228 40157 24209 39570 35193 26808 7585 20873 > 18554 23309 30212 16812 20517 23079 11592 18401 30493 24638 26735 13995 36813 > 48920 40278 28927 47026 31865 20986 39037 34740 33252 38718 22690 19176 35577 > 2580 11231 25408 24867 15897 22064 19354 25936 36895 19666 28904 37001 44624 > 50833 37233 36536 10932 23639 22069 37132 32183 18924 14646 39770 48286 41257 > 61823 38685 48732 17881 14121 42920 48009 43173 31532 31883 41708 27496 35394 > 21644 60068 59735 39445 37137 52625 62747 31373 22840 37017 4124 18122 16422 > 23362 11732 27172 29596 28005 12863 26527 33936 40401 25001 19088 35345 14541 > 41458 29285 35867 35215 41416 40820 28276 29922 54348 48932 45189 27202 40680 > 22536 12274 11911 15438 31847 15518 32623 16994 6958 28295 12391 20124 15200 > 3872 19066 6154 16046 21994 9883 13803 18203 7738 24826 25802 41665 39420 > 10082 23138 36672 23293 15780 30997 32336 56083 52873 12327 57182 35586 39138 > 25576 20923 11457 19626 15096 25439 32855 38655 44821 46423 37342 52026 68594 > 56632 41091 56548 10213 47772 55599 47835 50947 38083 45772 33426 42712 34339 > 15275 23257 18921 15782 25821 22725 11567 21104 29535 19800 39800 27438 11278 > 22770 28603 19851 33342 52927 32471 27769 46087 43229 17067 37574 15950 24974 > 27458 24971 20471 11634 36141 41870 25253 34853 36198 40878 37941 32716 14577 > 17551 29037 15527 27155 30336 16565 13659 17427 17985 15333 28674 31912 33061 > 21280 39694 16494 20841 27794 13885 2565 19240 20764 14003 15234 17235 32861 > 32447 37592 43724 40821 49210 38946 15957 19545 27864 13492 27344 42029 37682 > 27146 11498 40925 31045 29398 27439 38022 32927 49087 49043 49449 35359 36962 > 24378 36666 31602 50729 24814 62188 46992 57665 8994 31133 41369 49188 49729 > 34232 51923 44904 33188 44207 52862 39145 33680 38792 39171 26952 39862 49060 > 53489 47236 46363 57434 40117 62997 50508 35887 11315 40273 26840 11259 22813 > 29683 23477 9655 45503 48217 39129 57846 36584 54067 27905 34950 53044 49242 > 6346 26682 60001 42356 39453 38095 28854 32367 43999 43182 76475 9980 26734 > 37163 32521 56584 52948 47244 45685 57133 54086 22626 57892 25345 31469 14592 > 13839 30265 43116 32693 39278 17673 47578 16717 40561 32427 46271 70501 45415 > 38845 32493 52634 28619 43829 41729 49462 16162 21579 36292 22750 23572 28727 > 33052 21509 13640 26083 3888 31372 24734 25512 27071 31571 24681 30374 24534 > 33169 12625 20093 53206 17146 4073 38241 27796 10701 20413 24781 13696 14691 > 28574 14242 17157 26778 36497 29876 10106 36171 30465 36840 30557 36331 47945 > 55943 49453 23943 40887 18421 35653 7226 20925 16290 39092 30054 33829 21976 > 27694 36015 25317 41708 28307 18924 28561 25760 21980 32029 24752 35831 31853 > 29046 13943 13463 29012 27598 46246 15320 14192 32116 25571 32122 37198 21309 > 24451 7718 29199 25351 12890 36031 18695 18575 27989 21409 22320 26659 23255 > 6836 11240 14685 10076 20696 16281 8961 25734 18756 22537 6889 12456 22313 > 13306 15308 15505 17235 10645 30885 6203 18640 26682 10589 16431 28376 17826 > 6304 17627 27904 30156 32025 27955 46022 22728 14528 20370 26056 21896 28926 > 34096 22612 41428 48536 56094 40957 53286 50459 32060 44338 44482 41154 13807 > 11326 3297 11426 7576 26075 16469 17875 40687 38680 42653 4189 15048 13883 > 31267 30324 8534 19704 27760 28691 32492 52563 38623 37560 27673 33206 25809 > 42342 53294 36139 40726 48492 45376 34414 24610 35000 20567 34436 15964 36710 > 32282 31438 38330 35359 34186 40505 38729 11085 23307 29585 45856 30278 35038 > 28031 61066 71654 75101 44821 39539 5015 23301 32435 16773 42902 38394 35250 > 38140 50031 34522 47063 39538 37625 44671 19419 26965 49777 39253 37798 39380 > 60435 32630 31485 47937 32777 43802 30784 47142 37691 30497 28847 43470 41648 > 37101 40726 16574 33858 35558 42346 32535 35480 39239 19817 17962 40171 19816 > 37158 48680 26345 38391 56809 20909 43281 26427 28300 10520 11234 37255 28329 > 33247 37494 15393 17142 30050 24568 30868 25822 26042 29408 8962 34690 23488 > 22172 23157 30993 11397 34005 23622 34032 29107 33019 39124 10729 45917 29799 > 21484 11154 19750 10963 25793 29698 16148 30739 40478 28837 11405 28409 42056 > 28589 36331 30851 14922 29795 35541 30907 29046 30087 31996 24960 10172 22222 > 47286 32457 29091 29240 24873 14528 23808 17266 29730 13252 16810 11011 21315 > 17198 20894 28959 19943 11296 13434 9382 17430 13696 25412 27865 23093 7885 > 13852 25494 22304 5032 21311 21766 32202 24233 32537 34665 21149 4541 17197 > 21595 10014 17248 23052 9932 26619 24058 31319 24079 32681 26048 23140 12880 > 14733 33067 20015 18721 29651 26843 21754 30090 35288 33385 22382 30894 14728 > 26071 25792 23771 32227 27265 24298 26117 10108 33626 11545 13202 32819 20454 > 20939 12584 32712 11446 29923 24529 21244 2000 29325 10270 18780 14979 29992 > 17247 22835 19369 36933 31079 14026 18997 22716 11568 16741 26364 20229 24592 > 20948 24879 29982 19867 19478 31888 17419 22989 28106 21737 4936 12040 15016 > 18961 5235 18167 24849 18367 27222 23919 14306 20386 33748 14910 22044 19999 > 22210 27410 29148 38037 12635 33100 44025 36026 9169 22049 10997 26327 23360 > 15028 14360 25476 19163 18067 32330 14489 31136 28690 24305 13269 27592 35264 > 13291 29446 26123 19894 18688 21564 28586 40368 33895 36981 22843 28835 25897 > 31387 15225 17297 21077 21867 12440 14398 19166 13061 11008 20385 14993 7768 > 23283 20160 17045 26833 22701 26387 23256 27723 21111 32775 7176 14600 6560 > 4525 15770 14353 9099 15162 24470 36183 31308 31823 19556 30681 26487 20038 > 29204 35066 17925 36458 32013 32462 8064 28601 25226 27308 24907 17930 24206 > 28880 26326 46087 11387 42678 40037 31112 25112 32453 36598 19521 23389 36012 > 27063 36490 35092 22232 9785 37702 38043 30604 35077 43926 47220 41646 34102 > 26212 39082 25302 17634 23170 24958 41060 25989 17794 6167 29321 25024 31646 > 23853 40694 40252 44804 27458 47022 24027 27829 24725 8566 25765 37958 26832 > 44567 34530 16105 27248 26055 34928 27453 39903 34871 26434 37469 24709 39487 > 30218 22976 28462 41952 49108 25851 32901 22448 18331 29066 10315 28571 29070 > 32664 32870 28318 40625 10357 35280 25849 23649 19720 8395 12389 17508 13577 > 16774 11858 18736 6479 12156 19628 23655 22221 18061 6689 17556 20901 29764 > 30796 7261 32870 14236 5948 23671 27600 21503 20273 15348 15678 27342 22366 > 27979 21643 19756 20343 27883 18753 21325 9415 21976 11436 37690 27274 28101 > 25355 33940 30386 34422 25320 52582 45733 36687 35368 37902 42693 22233 16666 > 45695 7105 21338 22127 26892 13168 12589 29874 19946 38389 42508 38118 44281 > 34808 34262 42548 20033 17134 18463 34504 32362 18734 22133 37281 30119 18316 > 28807 26584 45163 45681 23834 13205 14869 29485 27289 22233 23254 13266 19679 > 17399 43549 17745 22862 19067 10631 18321 26515 32895 29419 28948 38780 37180 > 30926 21697 33762 31089 41763 25857 40686 14920 39838 35513 36599 27497 43523 > 38081 35011 32143 40349 36135 43614 51856 50396 67195 57225 61241 41440 65260 > 48097 28219 48738 24261 40273 29658 36309 51236 32544 40954 36983 33193 27788 > 32247 29070 28358 30658 23016 35060 22024 25796 37168 21417 28881 28177 23317 > 24240 15012 13238 22566 26812 17797 23989 38457 13285 22011 26412 25138 40011 > 18164 32288 21720 33763 9829 29992 21171 21000 10000 24000 12000 19000 > >2) MAY,925,927,928, CHA044 > 296=N -670=I 2) 4 samples (MAY925,927,928, CHA044) -5(13F6.0)~ > 42000 76000 35000 37000 35000 27000 47000 24000 95000105000128000 94000102000 > 51000 37000 26000 38000 30000 35000 20000 37000 19000 16000 39000 50000 44000 > 78000 44000 69000 79000 66000 31000 55000 32000 34000 17000 51000 22750 26000 > 55000 55250 43500 37750 28250 61250 33750 55500 28750 51750 38500 42000 22250 > 39250 46750 41750 32500 39250 23000 34000 15000 22750 3250 9250 21000 24250 > 15250 26500 13250 15500 33750 50750 27500 9750 48000 67500 71500 70500 54500 > 59000 54500 44750 31000 23250 42250 26250 44750 54750 56000 44750105500 44000 > 33250 43250 30750 47250 40750 34000 33750 50750 59250 43500 72000 42000 35250 > 42500 37500 47750 51000 84750 47000 73000 28500 59000 56750 46000 58000 28000 > 23500 16000 13500 25500 27000 49500 31500 58000 80000 83000 73000 35500 74750 > 43750 16750 12000 43000 27750 24750 26250 45250 43250 35250 38000 49500 35000 > 14250 41000 44000 36500 39000 16750 54750 60250 65500 54250 36750 57250 63778 > 58250 88583 83250 72250 97563117313 75875 75750 76250 38000 85563 82938 92500 > 77313 98125 28250 33313 51688 42063 73438 49938 92375 32563 65125 48188 55125 > 51688 63250 48125 82688 57188 99813 74313 63750 85625 39063 58563 87750 77438 > 19063 79563 58750 35063 47750 36188 56750 63125 65938 49917 91833 41833 60833 > 55917 94083 58083 66417 84167 84250115167102750103417 52583 72333 52000 86917 > 92167 58167 37750 41583 43000 40333 65417 43750 58667 18667 34250 52667 77583 > 46917 48417 37583 54500 45833 64417 41000 28167 44417 39000 33500 23111 7167 > 27667 40000 14500 13833 34500 20667 28833 35333 36000 16167 29667 32667 28500 > 23167 32833 33667 21167 29500 18167 23500 29333 23167 19167 18750 14750 12750 > 27250 19500 19000 12250 8250 21000 24000 7000 21000 26000 28500 24000 18000 > 10500 21000 9000 10000 7000 8000 16000 3000 13000 8000 > >3) CHA-H1 > 306=N -1398=I 3) 1 sample (CHA-H1) -3(20F4.0)~ > 710 520 595 790 500 760 775 425 640 410 295 115 295 405 335 305 245 575 465 365 >11701070 710 630 430 315 615 640 625 540 365 310 755 295 665 550 460 90 565 735 > 905 310 755 425 660 590 690 640 765 770 640 405 645 475 595 490 705 480 760 840 > 375 415 675 650 650 390 770 935 815 465 660 705 980 645 595 920 715 280 490 400 > 925 7501015 890 740 9201085 595 685 755 440 260 450 160 215 430 235 515 695 505 > 300 605 395 530 120 60 420 500 480 260 510 485 420 515 765 475 395 675 265 475 > 455 465 740 690 280 705 670 795 480 465 455 940 5551210 855 805 740 790 85 465 > 405 340 615 735 280 115 510 685 610 165 280 500 765 760 960 685 715 385 300 555 > 325 365 235 305 55 215 410 415 600 65 415 315 130 35 200 135 500 295 360 330 > 510 415 755 765 490 305 185 145 45 225 315 215 335 325 200 165 270 255 305 280 > 315 160 410 345 415 340 325 385 340 185 405 100 365 250 315 320 415 355 125 410 > 425 235 270 540 415 340 470 295 525 375 385 235 320 320 125 175 140 80 155 225 > 265 255 50 30 170 150 80 50 135 80 65 230 285 430 295 195 245 340 245 255 > 285 405 290 395 390 450 250 400 225 250 385 325 285 400 325 315 475 170 85 55 > 95 235 180 290 235 400 495 585 640 465 280 510 350 740 5601100 930 380 400 580 > 350 650 500 540 510 580 > >4) MAY702 > 270=N -2456=I 4) 1 sample (MAY702) -2(26F3.0)~ > 83 71101 76 62 66 89124144164 11 95 99 74 70 78 85122 55178202161102130153109 >123128153124147152 68173 97131147134111 94 80106 55 72 98 22 58 28 66 76 36 73 > 2 65 27 32 48 43 56 39 18 43 33 17 33 36 30 31 15 39 28 37 33 27 23 32 30 16 > 29 21 17 25 29 18 35 35 36 15 28 25 26 23 21 26 25 16 14 16 21 31 26 2 20 16 > 30 32 26 23 25 40 9 20 35 41 17 12 20 17 13 26 18 25 13 29 20 12 23 15 14 10 > 10 19 11 15 12 17 12 10 16 9 10 2 18 14 10 16 5 13 5 4 9 7 12 10 19 21 > 13 16 14 32 6 16 27 18 14 9 18 7 11 21 17 11 13 5 16 14 21 17 14 12 14 19 > 16 18 15 21 22 17 13 26 4 21 7 9 14 7 23 26 29 8 15 17 13 18 13 12 12 12 > 13 16 16 16 7 21 6 7 4 16 18 5 10 11 9 24 9 18 13 10 11 7 3 12 5 9 > 11 7 11 10 12 40 34 9 16 2 10 13 13 2 8 5 2 6 3 9 2 8 4 6 8 10 > 6 3 14 6 13 9 6 2 5 9 > >5) NOV001 > 246=N -2923=I 5) 1 sample (NOV001) -2(26F3.0)~ > 2 24 4 46 49 46 31 20125114115 71 33115148130 81 58 75107104 57119179106182 >169117127160187162143170102174 60112 93 34 17 72 76 86100 94109125137 62104133 >139 89 99 61 92 40 94 67 16 93 86136 90 60 60 40 78 79 79133 74 81120159 82103 > 70 52 72 36 83 65 39108 68 79142127 56 83116138133 62 71 51 77 49113128103158 >106 51 54 71 88 70149 60 14 26 43 23 89 35 64100 84 67108 78 48 52 44 22 52 52 > 57 13 64 29 43 22109 71 47 37 89 74 93 82 29 52 50 34 64 53 16 8 32 19 38 18 > 20 46 40 36 49 15 17 47 43 15 19 31 49 26 29 36 19 25 53 8 36 35 52 46 22 29 > 26 43 31 42 22 14 46 48 17 30 49 17 60 51 48 43 32 42 33 21 21 13 28 24 20 38 > 40 73 37 36 41 48 47 13 73 28 45 24 46 18 34 33 13 59 21 38 51 22 28 24 31 28 > 25 17 10 10 16 23 14 26 14 20 11 18 > >6) CHA-H6 > 345=N -3178=I 6) 1 sample (CHA-H6) -2(26F3.0)~ > 71 90 55 99 41 94 87138157143113 98188184168144147136 66 91 65 26 95 87 62 58 > 93 21 50106 79 61 68 50 85 21101 68 96 73 94 84 65 71 78 46 91 81 79 64 73 33 > 49 39 71 42 82102 67 23 26 49 11 55 60 71103 91 65 61 68 38 42 47 42 50 33 37 > 63 50 62 90104 87 26 58 72 52 17 9 32 22 18 44 67 78 40 76 29 62 63 57 29 4 > 20 31 30 16 31 51 55 52 42 28 15 50 72 58 73 59 71 67 34 29 48 29 51 41 61 20 > 31 11 34 43 40 31 45 19 44 39 48 56 29 41 11 40 44 30 40 27 32 58 5 81 18 16 > 31 6 38 6 44 67 15 52105 63 97 67 33 29 43 47 87 70 39 76 63 79 54 83 33 43 > 57 4 24 55 85 68 72 75 40 44 27 42 29 54 67 43 47 31 33 19 4 20 26 34 38 47 > 13 17 30 24 38 5 20 19 15 12 29 19 43 25 24 31 4 20 19 20 3 34 2 52 26 42 > 28 46 31 42 36 17 31 6 28 34 64 35 33 34 7 22 14 31 7 22 5 20 7 15 4 15 > 13 2 37 24 8 22 34 32 19 27 31 56 27 2 28 10 21 37 18 20 9 27 18 27 9 7 > 1 11 5 27 26 36 52 40 50 42 14 23 4 25 10 38 26 40 56 35 72 38 74 80 32 42 > 39 20 14 28 25 8 23 28 23 44 29 54 79 28 29 36 39 45 86 94 11 51 8 3 28 5 > 13 15 11 6 18 1 26 > >7) NOV078 > 299=N -3358=I 7) 1 sample (NOV078) -2(26F3.0)~ > 55 86139 68 20 40136142152115153161154170 95134136113106101 83119184 81166118 > 92 18 78160117118 84 90132114 43112123 60 52 34 30 30 8 52 9 21 30 13 49 3 > 58 52 18 25 22 33 24 60 27 44 32 39 18 33 43 60 72 81 75 67116 87 25 81 38 41 > 41 71 80 93 53 34 78 67 75 82 48 66 18 49 36 41 21 6 10 44 90 53 23 63 98 33 > 68 83 50104 88 70 66 60 82 65 41 80 88111 41 45 48 60 29 47 46 50 58 73 50 90 > 39 73 46 68 27 68 93 55 51 83 80 40 43 72 23 40 77 86 91 60 67 47 20 20 32 50 > 32 37 41 30 31 30 23 19 40 12 27 46 56 58 31 30 20 16 33 30 48 25 22 36 41 50 > 24 42 28 20 46 44 19 18 25 23 22 8 37 42 25 6 22 10 20 18 25 29 20 22 23 13 > 17 18 36 20 33 32 6 25 26 37 37 33 16 27 38 18 45 41 29 44 42 57 27 53 17 16 > 32 17 7 20 22 20 17 22 7 14 7 18 16 6 18 25 24 19 34 14 14 17 15 10 29 24 > 40 53 10 47 29 15 35 27 39 32 22 63 28 49 50 64 47 21 34 9 29 27 12 21 34 20 > 43 31 34 31 32 14 41 59 42 34 25 33 24 > >8) NOV-A02 > 286=N -3457=I 8) 1 sample (NOV-A02) -5(13F6.0)~ > 83000 84500 67500 62000 50500 64500106500 96500 75500 82500 83000 83000 84500 > 94000 73000 73000 64500 72000 75500 94000 93000 52667 66667 56333 53000 57000 > 35333 46000 8000 5500 24000 32500 30000 19000 22000 37000 27500 37500 22500 > 29500 33000 32500 54500 70500 42000 61000 69000 84000 68000 73500 52000 70500 > 77000 91000112500 59000 14500 80000 47000 74500 64000116500 56500 88000 89500 > 54500 56000 83000 58000 21000 67500 86500 85500 97000 86000 94500109000 70500 > 65500 52000 82500 50500 39500 48500 49500 55000 54500 57000 47500 45000 66000 > 77000 78000 76000 54000 68000 58500 21000 28000 14500 46500 29000 48500 37000 > 41500 19000 28000 29500 31000 38500 22000 11500 28500 25500 28000 27500 34000 > 22000 30000 62500 49500 38500 38000 47000 43000 46500 39500 39000 44000 40500 > 45500 38500 74500 38500 42000 22500 30000 46000 41000 22500 37000 31500 19500 > 4000 12500 26000 32000 43000 37500 43000 53000 72500 62500 46000 58500 7000 > 25500 40500 51000 64000 89000 70000 81000 47500 77500 20500 70000 84000 71000 > 76000 56000 54500 76500 59500 35000 51000 62500 39500 41500 28500 48000 23000 > 25500 28500 36000 4000 21000 20000 13500 6500 12500 5500 21000 14500 21500 > 14000 5000 12500 2000 32500 28000 26500 29000 9000 29000 37500 22500 14000 > 41000 22000 1500 5000 23000 11500 19000 20000 26000 24000 29000 15000 11500 > 28000 21500 26500 42000 22000 22000 8500 22000 18000 8500 7500 16500 20500 > 30500 18500 39500 22000 17000 28500 21000 30000 49500 35500 54000 34500 65500 > 53000 55500 44500 43500 75000 76000 56000 63500 39500 37000 10500 38000 48000 > 53000 67500 82000 71000 89500103500 85500 83000107000 67000105500117500 78000 >123000139500 97500122000 99500 78500 60000 69000 76000 66500 67500 44500 11000 > >9) CHA005 > 198=N -3513=I 9) 1 sample (CHA005) -2(26F3.0)~ > 28 66 47 28 20 50 50 36 44 38 29 38 25 22 19 17 10 18 9 16 9 10 16 19 18 19 > 13 14 16 12 10 22 17 17 23 34 38 40 37 67 92 56 41 52 60 47 57 52 77100 90103 > 80 49 50 56 38 47 34 44 25 31 47 65 94 91 39 29 62 40 60 44 34 33 43 41 49 34 > 63 56 38 43 44 41 33 38 37 38 48 30 46 31 15 13 16 30 41 43 51 50 43 56 69 67 > 30 37 52 59 43 44 53 43 64 52 40 47 17 34 35 35 52 26 32 52 43 44 16 10 37 44 > 28 39 33 39 38 56 27 58 33 58 79 67 38 24 38 30 38 39 44 19 34 32 28 25 29 27 > 25 30 57 55 40 34 47 49 51 37 34 35 24 17 28 35 43 38 56 62 88 79 81 69 85 38 > 60 73 78 52 73 38 53 81109121 93 85124116145141 > >10) NOV029 > 306=N -3634=I 10) 1 sample (NOV029) -2(26F3.0)~ >129159235264201202138213132154 98111136129125115106 62100126101107108104175111 > 43 15 47 53 54108 83119 57 64 81 71 74 44 30 72 82 43 38 82 43 41117 98 98102 > 68 74 88 57 47 78 61 94124168 58 41 32 51 45 44 33 37 35 33 19 62 51 65 78132 > 77 90 94 79 60 60 21 16 8 21 57 61 45 67 47 64 21 53 58 59 86 50 62 60 52 27 > 74 73 76 61 52 67 45 30 27 25 17 12 11 2 12 9 29 12 23 17 9 18 2 35 17 31 > 58 41 67 50 52 22 60 40 13 42 28 31 46 60 34 37 23 31 55 32 59 53 27 37 18 36 > 23 27 27 13 8 34 35 24 23 27 20 13 28 33 17 42 31 37 32 35 38 35 35 52 42 54 > 33 35 36 45 19 20 20 18 32 33 26 46 30 53 24 55 25 46 57 39 35 69 55 37 42 41 > 22 34 59 51 49 53 67 46 19 26 47 45 45 60 46 25 39 47 38 24 47 21 30 46 34 57 > 30 18 21 18 39 28 34 21 26 26 15 32 16 29 25 13 33 28 29 17 25 14 31 14 39 37 > 33 3 23 5 25 13 19 25 14 26 31 13 7 8 36 15 22 21 3 20 19 24 24 23 13 17 > 35 18 26 24 13 31 30 37 17 23 17 10 16 12 7 21 13 12 9 9 > >11) CHA060,012,009,017,001 > 685=N -3964=I 11) 5 samples (CHA060,012,009,017,001) -5(13F6.0)~ > 29500 20500 15000 24000 33000 36500 10000 11000 12500 13500 10500 5500 7000 > 7000 10000 4500 3000 6500 9500 16000 13000 16000 5500 7000 9000 11000 > 13500 22000 15000 15500 13500 12500 4500 6000 7000 9000 21000 23000 42000 > 14000 17000 5000 5000 14000 22000 21000 17000 15000 12000 15000 17000 16000 > 10500 10000 15000 6000 22000 8500 17500 15000 34000 27000 12500 9500 14000 > 14000 13500 9500 15500 17000 9000 5000 8000 8000 8000 9000 7500 4500 > 7500 12500 15000 26500 19000 20500 32000 39500 23500 35000 29000 27000 19000 > 21000 20500 22500 24500 26500 23500 41500 32500 43000 56000 33000 44000 77000 > 45500 59000 29000 55500 35500 24000 41500 51500 48000 44500 42500 48500 33000 > 26500 22000 30500 30500 32000 50500 40000 29000 11000 19000 21000 13500 25500 > 25500 30000 5000 5500 18500 6500 31000 14000 35000 32500 15000 42000 50500 > 57000 22500 50000 57000 53000 64099 21470 9631 18304 35842 46483 57075 55743 > 62066 81774 72528 56319 37556 34971 50015 39598 21283 53422 56443 68633 77002 > 39117 41629 35335 29859 38102 46170 39393 53294 51532 57480 43041 48908 45052 > 22796 30368 71920 47418 38804 16721 18342 30597 39246 54877 44497 63724 47343 > 56569 41014 35417 57015 38640 55746 40256 38815 28450 28771 35747 40459 40367 > 43102 37881 33733 53481 52421 41144 57534 49544 62108 48135 32065 49386 40716 > 19883 31000 43000 54000 65000 30000 19000 53000 34000 31000 51000 38000 30000 > 39000 54000 31000 41000 24000 5000 26000 30000 37000 28000 27000 36000 52000 > 51000 83000 94000 57000 27000 28000 40000 34000 53000 47000 35000 30000 51000 > 60000 53000 45000 26000 22000 15000 47000 40000 41000 36000 29000 41000 32000 > 30000 46000 28000 21000 44000 47000 61000 26000 39000 31000 23000 27000 34000 > 17000 17000 14000 22000 26000 27000 42000 39000 37143 36479 34282 15973 46985 > 41586 45817 35541 34462 33297 57851 38141 39830 58005 52402 64245 61268 95274 > 77879 79103 44527 73461 67818 51382 66915 48836 58044 48542 60188 50493 34297 > 21814 30343 27318 19330 31028 37674 22448 25890 20938 27414 34284 36175 22814 > 22155 18932 34119 28429 46027 39944 28606 37674 58716 57737 33924 59131 47706 > 67784 57924 47264 56184 23589 35398 50320 59990 41211 56298 48331 56917 46614 > 60352 73078100871 72100100826 46340 71674 67785 70748 65034 57059 83787 82437 > 97654102262 97603 96917110019 72257 67592 83499 86173107194 53370 83050 71618 > 72105 62601 70925 75670 71983 92814 83718 69543 58714 54920 59474 43291 66602 > 48121 79532 69034 25023 50577 63493 77587 77307 56182 45723 67844 49108 75721 > 46890 84507 77881 70337 46438 52629 60915 50684 57532 58031 43993 32527 61223 > 52640 49079 42544 53483 61960 79030 66823 73806 32689 35046 18242 62750 55673 > 61686 52388 77760 33551 53130 63936 65666 51292 68383 50993 61192 60891 43838 > 56876 51626 58651 36797 26491 52839 38990 52762 33637 22651 49848 53290 66765 > 72486 53265 79909 30593 34434 40624 45162 24607 27409 45092 66972 71704 67281 > 33133 53007 43198 57953 62357 38773 42726 57282 60859 38621 38300 31630 48192 > 51651 34748 43513 36436 50128 54668 29234 31987 36751 31569 37721 13337 42200 > 40125 59482 44299 19273 30587 26770 18675 28352 53830 37686 33647 20975 22003 > 24719 35767 26587 26669 18037 25899 19415 22622 31868 31603 11966 28692 25282 > 11026 24117 27808 12843 15031 12381 21029 14078 17673 24989 21396 13818 36290 > 32305 30660 18314 40216 43074 55488 30400 52655 48880 80052 64740 40598 78201 > 38192 61936 43419 22177 17147 17388 5300 24236 32535 13552 16430 13265 21525 > 11911 36666 10407 31224 29079 21922 39323 27000 26000 45000 41000 55000 41000 > 57893 51388 45397 21782 37218 35585 31277 19650 31069 5221 17963 30678 39867 > 11885 34455 16000 12500 12500 31000 47500 19000 33500 24500 13000 42000 29000 > 17000 44000 37000 34500 31500 55500 28500 32500 32000 25500 17000 26000 29000 > 10500 27000 34000 32000 14000 11000 24000 27000 8000 14000 10000 16000 24000 > 18000 26000 20500 26000 35500 48500 42500 38000 43500 29500 32500 44000 47000 > 56000 55000 74500 66000 67000 80000 31000 52000 64000 81000 34000 39000 17000 > 43000 29000 61000 60000 47000 65000 79000114000 22000 68000 59000113000 54000 >103000106000110000 58000 82000107000133000180000178000 > >tem-rcs.rwm >Temperature reconstructed: >1) Early summer temperature reconstructed, RCS-RES chronology >2) Early summer temperature reconstructed, RCS-RES chronology (5-years moving average) >3) Annual temperature reconstructed, RCS-chronology (5-years moving average) > >1) Early summer temperature reconstructed, RCS-RES chronology > 2072=N -77=I TJJ -4(13F6.0)~ >150043131332106186 94108 55646 60349 66041119600 86633105443 73367 90395 86782 >117175117224102770101186 98365116284103958 74753 94355 75545106681103513 82673 > 95246111730 74902 91385117818 77971 77228104255107077 48370 92672109750 93019 > 95197 84505 85990103166104602 81089 59210111680 63814 83614128906111334 82673 > 70942 52181110096 87623 92177 87623 73565 82475 94058 92969 76634 66437 86039 > 72971 84208 77228 99058 81683 88564 90890 68665103562 92771104008 87970 67279 > 74753 93910 99701117719 67031 44410 91930 77575 83911 78119 85594 95345 91138 > 83564 55795 92128105196 82426 97919 92524 45944109750 79654 73268 93712 71041 > 93316 82921104057 66338 61735117719 72377 62576112423 62972 76931 72724 78367 > 80693 95741 86782 81188 79505 71437 64358107324 83218 77872 81485 84950 93118 > 98662 81634 82624 87277 70348 86089 87227 84257110047 75100 86485 74951 91583 > 64804 96830 63913 94108 94108 75595 92672101335 82030 87227106928 86287 68566 > 80792113017117521 89851 95147 79010 75446101137 90742104849109205 64556 79505 > 90742 95296 76486 90544120244104503 93068 69308 85940 69259 92029110789103909 > 80050 48469105592 90148 55894119551103958 66190 85346 81386109057100097 81931 >100048 85198102919105097107423 75991 79010111631 92029 89851132965111581115442 >110245 75842 49112 89851 93167108611 55993 62032 73714104057 90395 84752 97721 >103414 91435 80000108364 86138 94058 81733 93761 82574104701 86831126778109700 > 85594107869 51736122422107324 75149 53320 86039101038 73664102671102028 96236 > 45004101236 74555 77278103463 78515113858 82129 81485106730 43816 63022 72823 > 95939103166102968 68714 92326 73417 86485 91979 87524 68962 97226 95246 96286 > 74060 86386 75743 66437 97177 68368 77674 91930100988112076 70744 75298 80495 > 54310 78713101285 70397101582 78416 80198 62873101978 85247 77179 74456116977 >107522 73615 82723 88960 80000110987 64309 90247 86930 99652 79852 61487 90395 >124303113561 75347 92524 64556 96781 74357103166 92771 80792107374 95890109997 > 83911135143125590112472112522108760 49756 70546112522102770101434 99157 69259 > 95395 77674 95840101830111136 69209 95147111581 98959155240 36490120095127718 > 94702 90544107819 75347110591 57131108463103859162071104552105245 84901 74506 >100246 72130 69506 80396136975 78713 88762103265105245113809 68962 48766120739 > 77525 57923 89702110740112126 81832100394100147 99652 80891 86435103661100345 >113611 94256 83069101434 85000 86089 91534 59606 73318115393 64408111829105196 > 97127109057110294 77179 47776 79010115294 76783104354 97573 98860 84950 44707 > 88366108413 65150107720103067 89009 95197 86534 47083 71635101533100394 66982 > 70249105740 95692 94900 97523 73912 82871 58814 92969116977107423108562116927 >113561 77327 71041 96187 54805128857 72872 86584 86237 79109 95098 96830109502 > 63368115789 44360101978 90692102374109552109552 98612 79406 77179 79060 78961 >117373105443 64556 87623135589105592 91435 97028 60200123164 62824110789111532 > 70051 99157 98315 93662 60745108562 75595103265 79307 72476103810124204128461 >102028102473 94504 77822 52379 97375 95147114155101533 51488109997 76139131728 > 63913 95890 72625116977 93316 93860 63418133658 85396117422114205 94405 83218 > 81040 92375 93959 99602 85940101384 74060112621 85099 94256 89059113611 94949 > 77971 89405 99652135292 51488 77426 94900102424 86386 67328 82525 84158 96434 > 96187 93316 77723 76931 89554 78218 93415 83812 88811118759 97127109552104305 > 97573 94652 82277 77575 97919 96385 62675 90940112175 90643 79753 86188 66734 > 72872 87574 70249 81139 82228 98414 81337100691 66833 77723 92672 85742 97721 > 63071 99602 81436 82376 82624103315 78020105641 81782 88960102374 76040107374 >105889 94652 68764104156102869 73565104948 45845 96880 79555113215118066 56092 >121432101384 34955 55795 76436105146 79753 67675 98464 60299 78119 73664 85297 >101335 93118 87425 74753 84851 59111 92474114106 82228 90643 96286 88861119254 >104453 87029 82327 98068117719 91682 74110 92078 70249128263127916 64853100493 > 70843 83812101830131480 70100108859116878104354 97969 60596124550100741103909 >119600 81782113561 72229116185 99602119600 76139111185120491 60002 78812 80990 > 44756109601106087104503 85544 90346113611 98959 83861110096107869 72130104255 > 81040 68714 96385108017106483 93613 87772 68764117373 56389118759 78763 89356 > 84950115096 49013 75298 88168 93811 79555105839 89999 86683 92672 58963 84703 >104701 89702101335 76486 88861 70843103067 83218 95543 88564 76436 95098 91435 > 78416100939100741 56488115541 65150102919104849119798108166 70397 62032 80099 >100196 73219 99107104354 80990 61240121531 91336 79703 92672102127103364 77476 > 76040 49360 92128122867 92474 46390 61685 98563109849 84257 95147 88960 54854 > 54656114898106334 77179 97177 93316 92573 65794 92722101879 97127 94256 61438 >115987 82673118412113066 37430111581 77179 81683 62923110690 82129 81683111383 > 54409 96484102622 95098 83267 63022 96533 72773 68615 86683 95147 84703 86188 > 91781 90940 84059 76931 96335 88564 96137114848 72179 84604102919 79208119056 > 85891 57181 83960108067100196 71882122620112175 81238 68318 69754108265 59755 >112373 64408 88168 84554131530 90197 71486 80347115591102523108859 88069 79406 >104255 82079 96484 96583 69704 70199 71783 72229103909 78317 88118 89900 56983 >105592106631108908 79604118709111383116878 88217102226127669 48271 96286102869 > 87326 86386111581 77080104057 77476 68219 93910 69160 97127 69110 69160 93860 > 71882 93613107770 84406121234 96137 75941 69061 69506 81089 96583 92227101879 >121036 97919 70744 97919 89009 78713 52528 80198 79951 90247100345 74308 82376 > 86881 68516 84109101978 88663 91534 68714106483121036 99800 79802106978 80050 > 68219101632 91435 91138100939 71486 71338100048 47182 72080 96632 92722 79406 > 87722 81089 92722108463 74605 91336101533109700115640 87128 85346 48023 78367 > 79852105146 95246 71932 68714108859117323101087127174 81634 99355 53171 56983 >110542113710104008 81782 81386 99107 76387 91286 70942130391121630 85000 83168 >104849119105 70397 63269 89900 43667 79258 78614 90643 73763 96979 97028 91286 > 67625 90494100592107869 80297 71239 99256 65398114452 88811 98068 95642102077 > 99800 77575 83614124451109502101038 68912 95395 67477 58765 67328 77773109948 > 77377107176 74258 59161103265 70645 89702 79703 59309 93217 67427 89455 98464 > 71536 81980 88366 68269103364 99503124550111383 50251 81683106879 81584 72922 >101483100493143657125045 40747135787 84653 98266 75298 67031 59408 83366 78367 > 99998111185115195120343114749 91930120788146875113957 82228115244 22729119353 >132124110245117422 82822103513 80446105344 88811 53072 81436 75446 75991101632 > 90989 68120 94553109651 84752130144 90692 55547 89801100889 83020115145149399 > 91187 81733121729109255 54508108364 57329 88960 98117 89603 83218 63962122917 >128263 84653105988101978111532103661 89504 52726 69655101384 72724104008105146 > 71585 71090 81089 86188 82673111977111581108017 77674121283 63022 80495 98959 > 65843 50993 93712 95147 81040 84208 85297117422109403113759118214104008118511 > 86584 47281 66190 88762 67180 99454117175102968 82178 55201111779 91484 90247 > 86435101335 91930118165110938106136 80396 85247 67972 95246 85000115492 71536 >131183 98909112918 36935 80941101335112274108809 78911106433 93860 78169 98711 >108760 84158 79555 88514 90494 75892 97622108166110789 97771 93860108809 81436 >118165 95098 74803 45944 97672 79604 62477 85693 93365 84851 65695120541115838 > 96830122026 79802109849 68021 84505115640104552 39658 81634133757 99899 96533 > 89207 73912 87079107275103364154349 33322 73763 94751 85643131233112918101731 >100097116482107918 53666123461 62081 83564 59854 64160102077120145 96484104255 > 61883118759 60794107522 91088109601146132 90940 82129 73615110641 73070103117 > 97672108314 54112 70546 99305 76882 84554 91534 96682 77674 67081 90791 55201 >107275 91138 90197 92227 94801 82970 92771 81931 96088 62873 80000133312 66338 > 52825111284 89356 65992 84703 88514 72575 78218 99899 73516 81733 96236107770 > 93415 59260105542 89999100840 88811 93019109997115046100889 60349 91336 60250 > 93365 55052 80990 77377110294 93365 94850 75545 84554 97820 80495106087 81733 > 69754 88366 82426 80149 95840 82475 99454 90692 85099 64507 68615 95840 91534 >117620 64952 66982 96979 85148 98018101335 73120 82723 57824 97622 90544 70447 >109453 75001 78515 94603 80050 84604 89950 83119 60101 72179 80000 74951 93415 > 82871 70694 97177 82574 88663 64259 75397 92078 76783 81931 80792 84059 74110 >106730 62477 86237 97424 68219 82723 99256 79109 63665 84406 99404100889 99701 > 87871114601 71882 63467 78565 89257 85297 96484100939 78911114601119105124897 > 92029110641102176 71140 99602 98563 94504 50746 55745 51884 76486 75248107869 > 85247 85396122075108166110740 39262 67378 71635106829102275 60398 83614 95494 > 96236101533128312 94801 93910 75793 86732 78119108710122917 87178 95642105196 > 97820 81634 68417 90593 69704 97870 67675104156 94058 90494101285 91633 89999 > 99355 94157 52082 79753 91187116779 88069 93019 80198131678139153132866 80149 > 72971 26095 73961 95692 73219119006101137 92870 96533110789 83564105592 89455 > 87227100592 60002 80396118462 96236 94702 93811123263 75743 78416105889 79703 >102721 79852106433 90098 79357 80594104107 99800 91633 96236 57874 92128 94949 >104305 87871 90643 95791 65843 70150107374 73120104552116333 74951 98068121778 > 60695103810 73516 81040 59408 65893112571 92870 99998101483 61982 72031 95345 > 85841 97820 85990 85396 91633 58468106235 83861 83069 86188 96187 64309105641 > 83960101483 90544 94058103463 53864119650 86039 74506 62675 79654 70051 99355 >102572 74951101632112324 86435 59161 92128114056 88267101978 87277 60943 94652 >102721 93464 90098 89752 93167 81188 58369 86287130391 96434 89405 86683 78664 > 66190 88811 77575103117 70496 79604 70892 92425 85049 91187104305 81980 67477 > 75001 69952 90346 82525104305103859 89207 59111 75496100543 92722 59210 94702 > 92227112324 91435104255104552 73912 46439 80842 92375 71239 89603 97523 68665 >106483 95048107176 88118103018 86881 81782 64606 73664114799 83465 81584102176 > 91732 83564100196106285 99602 76634 95098 63319 93118 92821 87871105790 90643 > 84901 89455 58270112274 64408 74011115640 83119 87623 69556111383 65546106582 > 91435 82723 48815108760 67922 89950 81881108958 80594 91633 83168117175100345 > 63616 78515 86633 68120 84554102424 86732 95989 85099 92524101978 78713 80594 >105839 73763 89455 98216 82871 53221 73862 82525 92672 65249 91682101087 85247 >101929 88762 70051 85544108958 70991 88267 82723 87475 98761 98117109750 59012 >102077118412 98266 50300 79951 62576 99503 93712 75100 76090 96286 83663 83020 >108265 69605103661 94801 84752 67427 94454107176 65497 99157 88613 78169 80248 > 85198 98810117620 98860101285 72278 86980 84257 96583 67328 75793 85495 87871 > 72328 78317 87425 76436 75446 93415 81287 69457100246 89653 83416101186 88019 > 95147 87128 94553 81188104552 53419 75446 63715 65101 92969 86732 76387 87871 >102176117521100691 96731 71041 93563 85198 76090 95939103463 71239107869 94108 > 94553 51785 93761 87970 93118 89356 74258 88861 96731 90593124699 54607117472 >105889 86683 79852 90989 98464 69605 81733104453 86435105097 97771 73021 56636 >112472108859 93365 99949110096112868 99454 83416 71833101137 76882 68764 84554 > 88762120491 85891 70793 53023103166 94504106285 87178115789109502113215 76436 >113314 67625 82376 81188 53369 97276117620 91088122372 93217 58765 88168 86089 >106532 89752111185 97078 79654102473 76139108512 88514 75892 90791114799124154 > 73862 89801 70051 69209 97177 60893101929 99206102622100840 87128110542 50746 >106285 85396 83069 79753 58567 74654 87326 80594 88118 76684 90395 66190 79802 > 94108 98612 92474 81733 60695 86089 92474107918104701 55102109205 68615 59210 >100444101929 89554 85891 73912 78070103463 90395100790 82723 79505 83218 98711 > 80099 86633 63665 91732 71932124352 96385 94355 86386 99998 93217100345 81485 >131134110146 89059 87970 92177104255 67081 64012123511 46786 86089 87079 94999 > 72179 72229107522 84158120739119204102325112076 87673 89306105047 61586 66041 > 75248109799104305 74704 83317112175 94850 72773 95741 88960127520120838 70199 > 54706 65645103166 99652 87574 88465 66932 86089 82822137222 73912 86881 78614 > 62428 88465104354114502101285 95543114007105592 90395 71932102226 96286119452 > 80644113759 55102116878104255103909 85049118016102919 93662 88960106334 97226 >114155127421116779148261115442121679 77228134054 95098 58171114700 59656108463 > 85693101632134797 84604107126 95345 88019 82228 94603 89801 91138 97474 79852 >110096 77971 90346115987 75545 98018 93910 83020 89405 69011 71090 97177104800 > 82228 96731125441 61240 88564 97276 92870129401 69407106334 78317108562 54211 >107077 91979 94999 65893107918 >2) Early summer temperature reconstructed (5-years moving average) > 2068=N -75=I TJJ5 -4(13F6.0)~ >107463 89524 76466 79149 77654 87613 90217 95088 88524 94632 96988102869105027 >107344107166104512 98909 97543 92979 91058 90969 92553 92731 99968 93613 91187 > 98216 94761 87861 93731 96870 82980 85920 92425 90177 87801 95028 93692 92375 > 94692 91870 86811 91949 84079 79881 89445 99869 94068 95494 89207 85445 80703 > 82604 85940 90217 84693 85980 86138 83940 82515 83227 79010 77258 77377 83901 > 83029 86148 87484 85772 86673 88890 91979 91395 91118 85356 85584 84722 90672 > 90623 84554 84158 79733 72971 75189 83425 84109 86821 86752 82287 83594 85564 > 83821 86692 94038 84802 85712 85158 80228 80465 85485 82198 82851 89009 83534 > 81673 86554 84445 76149 85366 85613 77456 77525 80683 74337 80891 82861 84554 > 84782 82930 76654 80762 81168 80842 82851 86970 84128 87217 87970 88197 88663 > 84109 81594 82713 83039 87593 88544 88623 86168 87633 78584 82930 78416 82247 > 82752 84910 84079 91563 89148 87772 94038 92761 86207 85960 91118 93236 93949 > 99265 98909 91395 88118 88296 90237 96276 94098 89771 89771 87861 81317 86514 > 94662 97414 96969 95533 94612 84415 81921 85465 92385 91207 87049 89761 85633 > 76030 83930 95028 87148 86188 91286 89187 88415 91563 94504 95266 94038 95038 >100137 95325 94088 95830 93217 89702101097107611108373112017109215 92444 88098 > 83643 83317 79347 81931 78703 80881 77238 82990 90128 96068 93543 91464 96187 > 93870 91999 90058 92811 87653 91365 89920 98929102117102721103354 96335 95464 > 94989 92900 81990 88851 84574 77842 83346 93088 95127 83920 89435 83812 78862 > 80307 87009 89534 91048 91890 92543 85603 75436 73575 76466 75753 87583 88722 > 92623 88118 84782 82584 86346 81673 86435 88187 89049 86356 89841 85544 79782 > 79960 78822 77080 80317 87227 90207 90682 90207 87920 78584 71912 78020 77040 > 81257 86079 86376 78693 85009 81742 81495 80347 91167 92276 89950 91058 93959 > 86564 87257 85396 86900 86494 90425 84198 83633 83663 91138 93919 93019 99226 > 94058 88554 80713 86277 86326 89573 91692 95998 97365 95593106463110106113422 >113927118897101820 90811 90821 88870 87405 97285 97028 93603 88583 87465 87999 > 96375 91138 94632 97780 97206106027 99483104473107700106849 93910108175 99226 > 95800 88286 91870 91078108423107215116838112126106255 93890 87405 80257 79357 > 91850 87544 90870 97622102592 97959 96008 88009 91504 85960 74783 78931 91326 > 89603 90464 98959101047 98830 92583 93504 94157 94197 96988 99661 98988 98543 > 95474 89969 89425 84732 79109 85188 80851 84910 94028 98790 97523106700 99770 > 88286 84663 85910 79208 84643 94603 98572 92504 86089 82891 85059 78317 82871 > 94543 94672 92029 96305 84178 77891 80396 81436 77525 82158 88979 87811 86712 > 92821 93553 88979 81604 81218 85108 91811 96949108571112690104760 97483 95008 > 82584 85643 84752 87861 85871 90732 83980 88771 93355 88781 96117 85970 86999 > 83237 91039 89791102829102156 99899 94860 88762 82643 86395 91603 89078 90791 >102117 99760 96959103453 97969 95484 86930 90801 93702 95672 90870 97969 94543 > 84386 92088 87376 88366 85495 87841 86890 96612101651106195112195110334101057 > 85841 84910 83445 87376 92118 91939 94464 90662 94177 86653 95533 88059 96226 > 88544 94533 88039100246 93929 98751102820109017 98929 98058 93048 88999 90039 > 90583 94652 90989 94721 91821 93484 91019 98929 95395 93969 92999 95117 99454 > 90761 90652 91751 92306 82525 85693 86712 84564 83366 85326 90524 89563 88118 > 86742 83148 83168 84386 86762 92603 96385 99612103711105463100642 97672 91276 > 89999 89761 83366 85099 92019 90563 87237 91939 87098 79238 78624 76723 75713 > 78812 83920 82673 88762 85900 85000 83851 84732 84138 83386 87762 85514 84841 > 81822 89870 85554 90395 90276 91543 91355 90959 91306 96127 97266 90544 96167 > 95266 88801 90860 86277 84821 80158 88088 90712 92761 97672102037 86386 73931 > 78000 74743 70417 76961 85495 82267 76862 75644 79168 79743 86306 88168 88385 > 88296 79852 79723 85059 86554 87712 95147 94424 95454 99899 99176 96385 98226 > 97919 95365 92781 94731 89167 91276 98523 96672 98355 98473 89583 84366 97691 > 91613 99216105829106334 99632 97731100869 97642 97553101879106116103918 98216 >100671 96672104235 96751104542105403 97483 89326 90296 77010 74832 84049 89187 > 90098 99216100018 98592 94464 99374102879 94583 95642 95078 86801 84505 91682 > 92128 94642 98454 92929 94801 84782 89811 88009 92128 85643 97384 83435 82742 > 82505 84277 77169 88534 91474 91177 90949 86831 82604 85544 86148 87880 91385 > 92217 85445 88118 84495 88306 88247 89365 87772 89415 85990 88465 93325 85603 > 90425 87772 88168 88989101651100176101226 93048 88098 84178 77188 82930 91395 > 91573 83782 93444 91890 86960 89296 97474 93840 91068 90336 81673 79673 83574 > 86574 80644 83109 84396 81792 80149 89900 95355 86613 75575 81703 83940 81584 > 90049 97780 93316 85207 88316 89257 90019 90355 89484 94137 90296 94553 98315 > 93514 92632 91534 84188 74159 88811 82921 83821 89761 88059 85217 89316 91999 > 86376 88098 88108 82138 76842 77525 83950 81584 84267 88900 89752 87534 85980 > 88009 87366 88405 94563 93613 91266 94137 90751 91593 94335 88851 85059 90831 > 87059 84257 97345102988 97622 91246 90821 87950 77466 83693 82911 86593 81851 > 96206 91771 93187 91623 97830 92029 95761 99077 98889 96622 92533 90058 91761 > 89821 83010 80950 76099 77565 79287 82871 86494 83445 83782 89445 93603 91543 >103889105047107096102958107482109274 96652 92533 95464 92484 84227 96889 93048 > 93286 91316 87682 84148 82564 81178 79505 79693 79683 80228 79525 87257 90306 > 95781100632 97097 89356 86376 78347 78436 81693 88257 98563101929 96761 97899 > 95325 86861 77782 79673 76080 76327 80653 85009 85445 86831 82485 79238 84772 > 86029 86960 86999 91474 95286 97513 95167102820 97533 86970 87336 89662 86494 > 90672 91326 85267 86989 78198 72427 77456 81733 77604 85712 87514 86732 89880 > 88920 89643 93731 97127 98563101067 99869 89167 82901 75743 79347 81327 86108 > 84178 89979 92415 93583104631107215105314 92484 83663 80337 86752 87682 93405 > 98285 95998 88534 85990 83821 93622 98127 99850 98226105007102750 92504 88158 > 89504 77268 69298 70942 76416 73189 83851 87405 89940 85336 88682 89405 91573 > 89375 90098 91850 84811 86128 87831 93197 92474 99810 96880 94632 91741 97503 > 98988 99236 97503 99859 88465 78317 71575 73347 76258 78238 87920 89306 85584 > 84247 82901 79406 80495 80525 78515 77872 77822 81574 84019 81772 85960 81723 > 82703 88296 96810101414 97810 93474 94949 86356 78664 88910 92672100028108720 >102285109146105978 96899 86950 92207 76931 76674 72694 77634 86465 97622105017 >112294110680112601118937117660111155115818 96206 90702 94335 99939100374112393 >109225 98889 97909 92187 86237 81822 80822 74951 77515 85099 82435 86257 92989 > 89613 97444101958 94157 90187 93415 83990 88880107651107928104097111838110660 > 91682 95117 90237 83683 81455 88474 83445 84772 91563 97592 96602101156108760 >106483101562102532 91880 85415 83386 77198 80099 90583 90969 84910 86584 83020 > 78525 86603 94702100087 98384106106 96315 90098 88286 85920 71862 78000 80931 > 77347 81020 87880 92623 95474102018108819112561112779108215 94919 84514 81465 > 71199 73773 87752 95107 93791 91395 93860 88722 86178 87029 96256 92286 97622 >101760105700101513100176 90138 86999 82772 89791 87049 99691100424106007 90296 > 92177 86207 88880 88059 96454101552100057 93236 91217 97186 92731 89870 91939 > 90296 83722 86415 92137 96592 98048101641103879 98533100008 99473 95662 83089 > 86336 78624 72100 74278 83762 81198 78416 90029 96058 96751104186107007104869 > 95305 92840 91563 96513 82475 85198 95048 91900 90296100206 98662 89326 90801 > 92167105196 97078 94414 91910 88366 83742 99661105255106324112492107829 95979 >100325 92722 86138 76525 78624 74347 85960 88544 97424 96969100305 88435 90643 > 88009 97553103027109057103978100483100691 86079 88514 91623 98563 87257 86752 > 85990 81832 77080 84564 89791 85465 83505 84752 77485 79604 82297 86920 87207 > 95127 90266 90593 88940 89712 83326 82732 90841 87722 79069 88752 90623 77159 > 80832 87970 80228 78000 84782 82544 81188 85920 91831 90534 87682 92444 91197 > 89811 88890 95642 96533101542101552 95860 95523 85574 81238 72070 76198 73407 > 83416 83416 91375 90286 91722 89227 86653 88900 90138 87178 85287 85673 80485 > 83307 85851 88069 89722 90712 84445 81673 80950 81119 87623 87712 87385 87613 > 86336 82416 89692 90920 88069 82604 82525 80366 79832 85178 88613 84792 85603 > 87524 82554 85544 86465 79564 77990 77070 74070 76129 80683 80386 83821 85346 > 84396 80673 81614 80594 79436 78089 81396 83128 79535 85524 81634 82723 85396 > 84217 79416 86772 85346 78594 81832 85168 85495 89613 94454100493 94989 87504 > 83277 83554 77693 82614 90108 90177 95246102008107690105908112254109769100176 > 95117 96424 93197 82911 79832 70288 65873 62022 73446 79347 86049 95167101750 >102325 93127 89524 79436 79168 77476 81703 84950 89722 87603 87455101038103275 >102958 98869 95909 85871 88653 94454 96731 98513103928101750 93494 89742 88732 > 81634 81643 78852 85999 86692 90850 91534 96325 93494 94553 95286 85445 83069 > 83307 86791 85574 93761 93850101948106423115383112809111363 90247 77208 69773 > 68387 77594 92603 96385 96553104067 96979 97870 97186 95325 93286 88573 83534 > 89336 91138 89959 96721105295 96751 93187 95424 92603 88494 89316 94919 91761 > 91692 87267 92118 90791 91098 94474 89930 87534 86564 89098 87425 93979 94711 > 88890 82059 85960 82455 84208 94306 95266 93405103136 94365 91860 91573 88168 > 75694 76733 78485 82356 86148 94563 93781 85673 86168 83336 82604 87405 90078 > 89336 83861 85544 85118 84653 83564 91108 82723 87079 87257 90316 89187 95137 > 94702 88682 92316 91415 87504 79347 84505 74585 77248 82861 85316 89712 98167 > 95583 86900 90336 92821 88009 91118 96741 90504 86623 89514 87811 88375 94137 > 93840 89534 82515 81752 89880 90534 92177 97840 96315 83475 81950 79584 82871 > 81238 83920 80337 83307 79693 83831 88771 90989 85999 83990 79743 76951 77060 > 84425 90197 94048 87801 86395 85643 83416 77416 84534 87880 90237 89979 98988 >100958 97295 84118 82000 79624 72961 76099 86316 83881 86702 91464 94979 93098 > 99968 96048 93395 84881 81990 84346 83663 83623 91138 94751 88504 91850 96790 > 96276 93256 95563 88187 85554 84198 86445 88583 94048 92405 91732 85811 87108 > 81861 79683 84920 89890 84960 85990 93464 83445 88138 88900 91534 79020 87663 > 79931 79634 79465 91494 85861 90603 89247 96305 94583 91187 88564 89257 79446 > 76288 84049 85693 87564 90959 92553 92464 90860 87781 91930 88177 85673 89573 > 90029 79505 79525 78139 77030 73506 81198 86643 87187 89039 93741 89415 86306 > 91048 84861 84762 87296 87682 85643 91068 95365 90623 93543 97474 97503 85613 > 89801 81901 78119 77208 82168 81396 88138 84970 82831 89464 88168 89643 91870 > 92217 84049 89019 89722 83861 86742 90979 87722 82336 86277 86207 92009 96147 >100354 97771 95404 88732 88276 81485 82188 81891 82614 77763 79960 82287 80475 > 77990 82208 82802 79208 83970 86811 84811 88791 92504 91484 90979 93207 89207 > 92514 84168 81832 75664 72446 70130 76792 76981 81812 89227 94137 96929100998 > 97632 95909 89445 84524 84366 90850 86386 90920 94523 94246 83911 88415 84435 > 84237 83198 87692 86712 88465 87960 95028 91098 96820 98652 97870 88900 96177 > 92375 85118 84128 89049 88138 89464 95098 93355 83792 88999 89752 88870 94256 >104948105027103146101156 95533 93741 86544 80406 80634 84019 87890 89692 90098 > 83792 86673 81475 85554 88831101384102651106393100424105651 96018 90593 84188 > 79574 76367 86366 88108 96345104314 96612 90722 89722 86554 85861 96345 98127 > 96840 96028 93306 92771 91058 90306 87970 95701 98830 95899 98681 94533 85415 > 80020 77426 79852 85683 92365 93098 98345100067 90375 91108 88019 87207 81049 > 82614 76288 76674 76179 77852 81475 84623 80396 80238 81436 85821 86237 89346 > 85524 83920 82693 85782 90375 89257 93880 89108 79366 78515 87880 83950 87405 > 90346 85871 86178 86346 89326 91088 91375 87326 88989 84851 85633 82465 84168 > 78812 87663 89613 95751 94682100295 94068 94860 92286101236103265102433 99958 >102097 96721 88108 83099 90207 81129 77495 81495 87692 77426 82515 86801 86217 > 91365100770106789107700108403102117 99285 91138 81931 79446 83544 83396 86019 > 89474 96860 93870 87564 91771 92900 95969101166100651 92444 87781 82911 78673 > 82148 88900 89158 85742 82376 92306 89395 93385 91890 87811 78060 84148 89672 > 94207100830105938106186101364 95494 96830 93286 96058 94108102473 93048 97167 > 94127 98780 93038105621102829100711 97721101978 97820100067106819112383120768 >124411125916115878119333108700 97246 95850 92335 87217 85336 94028 98048103037 >102770104701101978 91464 93464 89999 89158 91048 90573 93672 91306 91147 94850 > 93989 91573 94761 93296 87979 86673 81287 81940 86296 84861 90405101275 94088 > 90841 93850 93078 93870 95503 99058 95266 98404 83366 90900 88029 91365 82831 > 93573 >3) Annual temperature reconstructed, RCS-chronology (5-years moving average) > 2068=N -75=I TYY5 -3(13F6.0)~ >-12564-12358-12537-12656-13098-12929-13147-13257-13384-13016-12835-12903-12930 >-13576-13553-13649-13392-13177-12819-12688-12926-13075-13332-13153-13197-13410 >-13017-13152-13072-13194-12905-12848-12725-12723-12681-12927-13628-13809-13580 >-13499-13547-13069-13036-12979-12913-12830-12735-12648-12783-12679-12869-13358 >-13367-13615-14005-13568-13824-14163-14297-14023-13902-13566-13862-13968-13582 >-13782-13605-13476-13375-13224-13576-13357-13123-13099-13014-13030-13354-12940 >-13430-13238-13308-13270-13675-13594-13725-13726-13363-13538-13683-13824-13714 >-13667-13512-13704-13096-13097-13400-13343-13264-13211-13644-13630-13382-13402 >-13211-13007-13084-13185-13179-13128-13308-13570-13688-14509-13992-13869-14206 >-13872-13900-13415-13486-13465-13495-13484-13772-13586-13270-13622-14089-14416 >-13938-14000-14046-14121-13928-13935-13861-13886-13708-13628-13599-13337-13584 >-13540-13487-13910-13628-13637-13691-13598-13807-13756-13706-13380-13027-13069 >-13124-13416-13260-13649-13760-13475-13061-13456-13343-13435-13419-13789-13868 >-13259-12929-13089-13432-13436-13657-13806-13358-13567-13504-13095-13069-13156 >-13475-13179-13461-13262-13199-13027-13255-13113-13764-13904-14151-13754-13034 >-13415-13462-13486-13015-13330-13488-13139-13130-12885-12759-12938-12595-12574 >-12878-13176-12923-12994-13381-13337-13364-13491-13691-13535-13755-13754-13622 >-13730-13870-13928-13997-13994-13800-13806-13148-12882-13265-13062-13043-13063 >-12997-12825-12703-12692-13028-13093-13032-13457-13561-13230-13464-13109-13156 >-13165-13535-13322-13271-13553-13225-13093-13070-13208-13163-13285-13301-13604 >-13527-13440-13611-13486-13674-13724-13762-13707-13747-13266-13691-13481-13392 >-13791-13550-13618-13475-13473-13174-13404-13125-13344-13318-13734-13432-13343 >-13238-13358-13508-13540-13649-13975-13986-14033-13732-13660-13645-13627-13389 >-13931-13917-14016-13817-13816-13658-13615-13495-13508-13190-13057-12882-12900 >-12774-12902-13117-13299-13446-13945-13713-13901-13311-13268-13309-13240-13368 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>-13190-13464-13560-13739-13794-14318-14412-14189-14095-13845-13529-13581-13943 >-13716-13766-13840-13639-13454-13573-13546-13433-13323-13389-13324-13316-13482 >-13587-13538-13571-13579-13445-13542-13513-13729-13619-13995-13870-13467-13510 >-13744-13303-13225-13565-13560-13876-13951-13901-13889-13267-13041-12932-12933 >-13152-13456-13415-13040-12835-12914-13351-13207-13094-13579-13644-13185-13251 >-13126-13064-13189-12987-13583-13555-13505-13039-13123-13178-13270-13804-13634 >-13362-13002-13048-13134-13249-13460-13376-13107-13115-12807-12843-13085-13634 >-13626-13721-13447-13629-13848-13011-13267-13400-13455-13349-14140-13548-13070 >-13016-13323-13538-13442-13401-13017-13026-13052-12941-12876-12927-12697-12714 >-12803-12891-12986-13276-13270-13280-13323-13524-13647-13448-12860-12670-11908 >-12246-12327-12022-11984-12141-12061-12254-12041-12587-12902-13151-12930-13018 >-13082-13070-13042-13436-13347-13571-13785-13804-13559-13389-13360-13416-13036 >-13119-13153-13133-13099-13567-13372-13366-13786-13629-13808-13726-13372-13241 >-13335-13219-13261-13066-13127-12816-12859-12887-12983-13197-13145-13160-13229 >-13368 > >Draft manuscript > VARIABILITY OF LARCH RADIAL GROWTH IN THE EAST OF TAYMIR AND > PUTORAN FOR THE LAST 2000 YEARS > > M.M.Naurzbaev, E.A.Vaganov >Taymir Biospheric Reserve, Khatanga >Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk > >Abstract > Regional tree-ring chronology with extension 2209 years (since >212 B.C. till 1996 A.D.) was built for the east of Taymir >according to wood of living trees, well preserved residues of dead >trees and semi-fossil wood from alluvial bank deposits by the >cross-dating method. In addition the "floading" tree-ring width >chronology for the period of Holocene Optimum (3300-2600 B.C.) >was built with extention 685 years and supported by several >rdiocarbon dates. High values of synchrony and correlation >of individual tree-ring series show a prevailing effect of one >external factor on radial tree growth change in the studied region >of Siberian subarctic. It was established that the main factor of >growth variability the early summer and annual temperature >is which explains up to 70% of tree growth rate variability. >Cyclic components stable for two millennia were revealed at analysis >of the tree-ring chronology: double secular (about 180 years), >secular (78-90) and intrasecular (44, 28, 11 and 6,7-6,9 years) >variations. Models for reconstruction of the early summer and >annual air temperature were obtained according to tree growth >variability. Temperature dynamics in the eastern part of Taymir >for the last two millenia agrees well with temperature variations >in the northern hemisphere obtained according to other indirect >sources. The warming of the middle of the 20-th century is not >extraordinary. The more long in time, and close in amplitude the >warming at the border of the first and the second millennia was. > >Key words: radial growth, tree-ring chronologies, temperature >change, dendrochronology, climate, growth cyclicity, temperature >reconstruction, response functions. > >Introduction > > The leading dendrochronological groups began their work >in some key regions of circumpolar zone of the northern hemisphere >on building the superlong (several millennia, and for the whole >Holocene period if to use subfossil wood) tree-ring chronologies >for the quantitative reconstruction of natural temperature >variations [6,8,19,20,35,36]. The high latitudinal regions in the >northern hemisphere are of greatest interest for assessing natural >and anthropogenic variations of air temperature, forest-tundra >ecosystem growth and productivity, regeneration regime as well as >of polar timberline dynamics because the ecosystems of high >latitudes have the highest sensibility to the expected global >climate warming [4,15,18,19,22,43]. Owing to accessibility and >great amount of well-preserved wood of dead trees as well as of >subfossil wood from alluvial river deposits and wood buried in >bogs several regions in high latitudes of Russia turned to be >promising for building millennial chronologies: the Polar Urals >[15,31], Yamal peninsula [32], the east of Taymir and Putoran >[7,8,14] and the lower Indigirka river[34]. The following problems >were solved in the given paper: 1) obtaining of the absolutely >dated 2000 year tree-ring chronology suitable for quantitative >reconstruction of climate changes; 2) revealing of the main >climatic factor responsible for the year-to-year and long -term >growth variability; 3) building of models of climate change >reconstruction for the whole period of long tree-ring chronology. > >Material and methods > Dendrochronological material was collected in Kheta-Khatanga >plain as well as in Moyero-Kotuy plateau regions of the >Middle-Siberian forest zone within the northern stripe of the >northern taiga subzone [1] (Fig.1). The wood samples were taken >with the help of a borer or chainsaw from the living trees, from the well >preserved residues of a dead and subfossil wood. The whole >sampled material is from trees from three types of conditions: >1) from the contemporary northern timberline of larch in the stow >(urotchishche) Ary-Mas of the Taymir biospheric reservation >(latitude of 72 28' N.); 2) from contemporary upper timberline >with absolute marks 200-300 m above sea level in the Kotuy river >valley (latitude of 70 30'-71 00' N.); 3) from alluvial deposits >of flood-land and over-flood-land terraces of large tributaries of >the Khatanga river (latitude of 70 30'- 73 00'N.). Measuring of >the tree-ring width was made with the help of automatized devices >with resolution up to 0.001 mm, and later the measured individual >tree-ring chronologies were treated in the standard software >package for dendrochronological and dendroclimatological analysis >[26,33]. Owing to the high year-to-year variability, high >synchrony of individual series between each other the results of >the cross dating gave a chance to build the continuous chronology >since the year 212 B.C. till 1996 A.D., it means the total length >2209 years. Besides, according to the well-cross-dated discs of >subfossil wood for which the series of radiocarbon dates was >made at the University of Bern (Switzerland) and at the Joint >Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy SB RAS >(Novosibirsk) the "floading" chronology of 685 years long was >obtained which according to the dates agreed with climatic optimum >of the Holocene (3300-2600 years B.C.). > Standartization method is used to treat individual series for >the best revealing of climatic signal. This method is intended to >remove the changes caused by age or by factors of the non-climatic >nature (for example, effect of phytocoenotic factors) from >tree-ring width variability. For standartization two approaches >were used: 1) an approximating curve of age variations is tried >for every individual series [15,26]; 2) an age curve is used which >is built according to the entire totality of analysed individual >curves of growth [3,11,21,23]. As the special studies showed, the >long climatic changes (or super-secular variations) remain more >reliably at the second standartization method [21]. Therefore, it >was chosen for standartization of individual series and obtaining >of the long chronology of tree-ring indexes. Obtaining of >regional tree-ring chronology (C1) and of the so-called "residual" >series (C2), from which autocorrelation was removed [26,40], was >as a result of individual series standartization. The main >statistic characteristics were calculated for the obtained >chronologies: inter-series coefficient of correlation (as an >index of synchrony of individual series), sensitivity coefficient, >standard deviation,1-st order autocorrelation etc.[30,41]. > Analysis of the frequency-temporal structure of obtained >chronologies at the entire period and at the 500-year intervals >was carried out by Fourie method of direct transforming >(Blackman-Tyuki method) and Fourie method of "fast or inverse >transforming" (Kuli-Tyuki method) [10]. The methods of graphical >assessment of smoothed curves [15,16], analysis of >autocorrelational function [2,15], a narrow-striped filtering of >series [12] were used at the revealing of long (super-secular) >cycles in growth variability. Revealing of the main climatic >factors of growth variability was based on response function >assessing and interpreting [30,42]. The quantitative >reconstruction of climatic factors according to variability of >growth indexes was made on the base of calculated regression model >at which building one part of climatic series was used for >calibration, another part - for verification [6,7,41]. Adequacy of >reconstruction model was assessed by standard statistic indexes: >correlation coefficient, Fisher's criterion, autocorrelation of >residues - criterion of Darbin-Watson [17]. > >Results > In the result of the cross dating (its quality was checked by >statistic estimates according to the COFECHA program [26,33]) of >Larix gmelini living trees and trees dead long ago from the upper >timberline as well as of subfossil wood from alluvial deposits >the reginal tree-ring chronology since the year 212 B.C. till 1996 >A.D. was built for the eastern part of Taymir and Putoran. The >total number of wood samples being dated was 118, including 27 living >and 91 dead trees. The average age of the used trees made 300 >years, the maximum age was 798 years. The percentage of the >missing rings is not very large - only 0,5% because the discs were >analysed, mainly, but not wood cores [44]. The tree number in the >regional chronology is not homogeneous in calendar scale and has a >tendency to decrease when moving to the past: 3 and more models >since the year 135 B.C., 5 and more models since the year 81 >B.C. Dating of dead trees showed that in the upper timberline under >continental climate the dead tree residues can remain on the day >surface during more than 1900 years. Inter-series correlation >coefficient for the whole time period is rather higher than the >threshold value (0,62- 0,75, p < 0,01). It confirms >a stable and strong external influence which >synchronizes growth variability of individual trees. > The main statistic C1 chronology for the whole period and in >500- year intervals are given in the Table 1. The high and close >coefficient values of sensitivity and standard deviation for the >different time intervals show that tree growth variability under >these conditions is controlled by one and the same factor during >two millennia. Autocorrelation of the first order which shows the >growth effect of the previous year on the growth in the next year >is of great importance as well. Autocorrelation is not significant >after treating it by autoregression model in C2. The average >tree-ring width for two thousand years is at the level 0,28 mm >but it greatly varies in time, the average tree-ring width is more >high (0,40 mm) for the Holocene optimum period (Fig.3). >Radiocarbon datings agree well with absolute dendrochronological >data. > Analysis of spectral density allowed to show the frequency >stripes important by their contribution to the total growth >variability and to assess their amplitude (Table 2). The >contribution of millennial cyclic component makes about 4%. The >large contribution is brought by double secular cycle (in >frequency stripe of 120-220 years) up to 20,6% and secular cycle >(in frequency stripe of 60-120 years) - up to 13,3%. The >cross-spectral analysis of the 500 year old fragments of >chronology showed that during two millennia the double secular >(180 years), secular (78-90 years) and several intrasecular >(44,28,11 6,7- 6,9 years) cycles are steadily present. Hereat, >re-distribution in the capacity of separate cyclic components is >observed. Such a re-distribution was already noted in the papers >on dendroclimatic data from boreal taiga forests and forest-tundra >regions [2,12,15]. Positive anomalies of growth, the most strong in >amplitude and long in time, fall on the 4-th century, the border of >the 6-th and 7-th centuries, the border of the 1-st and 2-nd >millennia, the middle of the 20-th century. However, the negative >anomalies fall on the 1-st century, the border of the 13-th and >14-th centuries and the first half of the 19-th century. These >anomalies can be explained by superposition of cycles of different >length. So, growth increase in the middle of the 20-th century >agreed with positive periods of the double secular, secular, and >several intrasecular cycles (44, 11, and 6,7 years). > Since at the polar timberline the summer temperature is the >main factor of growth limiting [6, 15,35,43], then the >dendroclimatic analysis of relation of growth variability was >carried out, first of all, with air temperature data for summer >period. However, some changes were brought to the traditional >searching scheme of correlation with average monthly temperature >data.In order to reveal the key interval of the season when >temperature mainly affected on radial tree growth the >value of correlation coefficient between >C2 growth indexes and air temperature for every five days >beginning from the 8-th of May was calculated. Everyday data of >the Khatanga meteorological station since 1933 to 1989 were used. >All the calculations are given in the Fig.4. As we see, the significant >positive connection (p<0,01) between air temperature for every >five days and growth indexes is observed for the period since June >17 to July 11 and it falls on the interval of stable temperature >rise in the season. The temperature of the more late intervals of >the season does not show large connection with growth variations. >The temperature for the period June 17 -July 11 we called as an >early summer temperature. Temperature sum for this time period >shows the most correlation with C2 tree-ring indices (R=0,77). Thus, >variability of C2 tree-ring indexes is determined by the early >summer temperature variability in the east of Taymir and Putoran >by 60%. The smoothed >(the 5-year moving average) C1 tree-ring indexes and instrumental >values of average annual air temperature show high agreement too >(R=0,72). At the same time the smoothed annual temperature shows the >significant relationship with the concordance coefficient calculated >for the same period of 5 years based on all wood samples available. >This relationship is positive (R=0.44,p<0.01) and shows that in >cool periods the synchrony in tree-ring variations among all trees >measured becames lower, in warm periods it becomes higher, but has >a non-significant relation to tree-ring width variations. >Therefore, at seaching of quantitative models of >reconstruction of leading climatic variables using tree-ring >chronologies it was conventionally taken to use C2 for the early >summer temperature reconstruction, and C1 - for the >annual temperature reconstruction. > The results of calibration and verification of obtained >models of the early summer and average annual temperature >reconstruction according to 2000-year chronologies data are given >in the Table 3 and in the Fig.5. As we can see, the early summer >temperature variability is well explained by tree-ring indexes >variability in C2 (R^2 =0,59 - 0,72), the average annual >temperature variability is described by the model with two >variables: by smoothed values of tree-ring indexes in C1 and by >concordance coefficient values between individual series (R^2 =0,67) >(Fig.5). Comparison of calculated values of the early summer and >average annual temperatures with the real ones for the period of >instrumental observations shows (Fig.5) that the calculated values of >the early summer temperature agree well with the year-to-year >variability of real values repeating the most large positive >(1940-41, 1953, 1967,1979, 1984) and negative (1947, 1949, 1980, >1989) extremes. Hereat, in the curves of the early summer >temperature variability the long fluctuations are not expressed. >To the contrary, the periods of large temperature rise >(1938-1956,1983-1989) and temperature fall (the end of (19)50s and >(19)70s clearly agree in reconstructed and real values of average >annual temperature. > Based on the obtained models according to two chronologies the >reconstruction of the early summer and average annual air temperature >was made for the east of Taymir and Putoran for the period since the >year 81 B.C. to the present time (it means, for the period provided >by 5 and more samples). The curves of variability of the >reconstructed early summer temperature (smoothed by the 5-year and >57-year moving average) are given in the Fig.6. The average value >of the early summer temperature equals to 9,6 C for the >instrumental observation period. The most large fall of the early >summer temperature is marked in the 1-st century (T=8,4 C), and in >the end of the 13-th century (8,4 C). The most warm periods with >the raised average early summer temperature are the end of the >3-rd century (T=9,7 C), the border of two millennia (9,6 C), the >middle of the 20-th century (9,9 C). The middle of the 20-th >century is characterized by the most rise of the early summer >temperature, but the 11-th and 12-th centuries are characterized >by the long period with high early summer temperatures. > Long variations of the average annual temperature range from >minus 14 C to minus 12,5 C. It was of great interest for average >annual temperature to compare the reconstruction data with other >indirect data on dynamics of average annual air temperature of the >northern hemisphere in order to make clear whether temperature >variations in the east of Taymir and Putoran reflect global >temperature changes in the northern hemisphere. As such the data >on reconstruction of temperature variation in high latitudes >according to ratio of oxygen isotopes in ice cores of Greenland >were used [25,29]. In the Fig.7 both reconstructions are matched >in the calendar scale since the late of the 12-th century. Their >good agreement is well seen, especially in positive (the 14-th and >15-th centuries, the end of the 18-th and the middle of the 20-th >centuries) and in negative (the late of the 13-th and of the 17-th >centuries, and the first half of the 19-th) extremes. It means, >the long fluctuations of average annual temperature in the east of >Taymir and Putoran agree well with global air temperature >variations of the northern hemisphere for the last millennium, and >hence the tree-ring chrnology of this region can be used to >analyse both regional peculiarities and global temperature >variations in the northern hemisphere. > >Discussion and conclusions > The results of analysis of the super-long tree-ring chronology >of the Taymir and Putoran east show that the information on the >main climate changes in the northern hemisphere for the last 2000 >years is reliably fixed in it: fall of temperature in the first >century, climate warming in the 3-rd and 4-th centuries, warming >in the Medival Warm Period (?) or "the small climatic optimum" at the border >of two millennia, the long fall of temperature in the 17-th and >19-th centuries ("the small glacial period") and the present >climate warming in the middle of the 20-th century [27]. Since the >obtained regional chronology has good correlations with >other chronologies of subarctic zone within 500- 600 km [6,43], >then we can believe that similar regularities of the early summer >and average annual temperature variability are typical of large >sector of Siberian subarctic. It was shown earlier that the long >growth variations agree well for the entire Siberian subarctic >[8,24]. The studied region (and this is shown by subfossil wood >samples and by obtained "floating" chronology) has a high potential >to build the tree-ring chronology for the whole Holocene period >and to study in details temperature variations for this period of >the Earth history. > Two important consequenses from reconstruction analysis should >be noted especially. First, the analysis of frequency structure of >series and of their separate fragments illustrates a constancy of >the main environmental factors limiting growth. It is confirmed >also by comparing reconstructions with other indirect >evidences. Second, the warming in the middle of the 20-th century, >marked as extraordinary [22], has the analogs in the past. So, >the warming at the border of millennia shows a close amplitude and >was more long [27,38]. Historical evidences on climate of this >Medival Warm period say about the more large climate warming than >the present one [13]. The obtained data demonstrate that >temperature variations in high latitudes for the instrumental >period (1850- 1990) do not go far beyond limits of natural >variations revealed during two millennia. > Ratio of natural and anthropogenic components in the present >and future climate changes is especially discussed. It is proved >in some papers based on the long tree-ring chronologies of North >America that the influence of anthropogenic component becomes >large and can be separated and assessed quantitatively [39]. Hereat, >the trees growing above the upper or polar timberline reflect >stable temperature rise in the northern hemisphere [28,35,37]. >However, a direct correlation between temperature and growth is >marked only for trees from growth regime especially chosen [36,37]. >The stable trend of summer and especially winter temperatures for >the last decades is connected with the increase of anthropogenic >component share, mainly, at the expense of atmospheric green-house >gases [4]. At the same time, on large areas of high latitudes >(mainly, in subarctic zone) tree growth, correlating well with >temperature rise till (19)60s, begins to stunt after this period >from the rise of temperature [24]. We can believe that the direct >temperature effect is combined with other factors which influence >growth rate of trees in polar latitudes. For instance, increase of winter >precipitation can shift the dates of snow cover melting to the >more late time even at summer temperature rise [9]. In polar >latitudes the conditions of the first season half play the leading >role in radial tree growth and tree-ring forming [5,6]. Therefore, >tree growth response at the polar timberline will be more complex >than we can expect only from summer temperature variations. > >Conclusions >1. The long 2209-year (since the year 212 B.C. till 1996 A.D) >regional tree-ring chronology was obtained for the east of Taymir >and Putoran, suitable for quantitative dendroclimatic analysis and >climate change reconstruction. Numerous radiocarbon data of sub- >fossil wood and several built "floating" chronologies show a high >potential of dendrochronological material of the given region for >the building of absolute tree-ring chronology for the main >Holocene period (more than 6000 years). >2. The main factors were established which determined the >year-to-year variability as well as long-term variability of >larch growth in the study region. They are the early summer and >average annual air temperature and they determine up to 70% of the >total growth variability. >3. In long-term growth variability during two millennia the >millennial, the double secular and secular cycles as well as some >intrasecular cycles which are met the most often in tree growth >variability in polar latitudes of the northern hemisphere are >steadily seen. The most large warmings and falls of temperature >can be explained by matching particular cycles. >4. Reconstruction of the early summer and average annual >temperature variations in the east of Taymir and Putoran showed >good agreement of temperature variations in the given region with >temperature variations in the northern hemisphere obtained in >other indirect sources. The warming in the middle of the 20-th >century is not extraordinary. 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St.dev. 1-st autocorr. Coef.var. >___________________________________________________________________________ >212 BC- >1996 AD 2209 1.016 0.421 0.443 0.41 43.6 >212BC-287AD 500 1.014 0.411 0.482 0.53 47.5 >0-499AD 500 0.963 0.426 0.421 0.38 43.7 >500-999AD 500 0.982 0.457 0.441 0.38 44.9 >1000-1499AD 500 1.015 0.427 0.433 0.37 43.6 >1497-1996AD 500 1.039 0.339 0.441 0.44 42.4 >___________________________________________________________________________ > >Tabl.2. The relative power of different cyclic components in C1 chronology > (in % to common variation) >___________________________________________________________________________ >Period Spectral window > <600 years 220-600 years 120-220 years 60-120 years >___________________________________________________________________________ >81 BC-1996 AD 4.0 6.1 11.3 6.7 >0-499 AD 2.8 20.6 2.6 >500-999 AD 3.7 6.9 11.0 >1000-1499 AD 12.0 2.3 4.9 >1497-1996 AD 5.9 8.8 13.3 >___________________________________________________________________________ > >Tabl.3. Statistical evaluations of model for reconstruction early summer > temperature based on C2 chronology and annual temperature based on > C1 chronology >____________________________________________________________________________ > Calibration Verification >Period R^2 F value D-W statistics Period R^2 F value D-W statistics >____________________________________________________________________________ > early summer temperature >1933- >1989 0.59 79.6 1.914 > (p<0.00001) >---------------------------------------------------------------------------- >1960- 1933- >1989 0.72 72.7 1.907 1959 0.45 20.5 1.877 > (p<0.00001) (p<0.001) >_____________________________________________________________________________ > annual temperature (average) >1933- >1993 0.67 46.0 2.51 > (p<0.000001) >_____________________________________________________________________________ > >FIGURES > >Fig.1.The map of territory where wood samples were collected: 1- sites of > living old trees; 2- sites where wood remains of dead trees and > subfossil wood were collected; 3-recent polar timberline. >Fig.2.The variability of average tree-ring width (smoothed) in absolutely > dated (upper) and "floating"(below) Taymir chronology. The according > radiocarbon dates shown at right column. >Fig.3.Correlation of C2 index chronology with pentad temperatures (asterisk > shows the significant value of correlation coefficient). The many years > average temperature curve also shown as wide line. >Fig.4.Comparison between observed and calculated early summer (1) and annual > (2) temperature for Taymir. Empty columns indicate the residuals. >Fig.5.Reconstructed early summer temperature from C2 chronology: 1- 5-year > smoothing, 2- 57-year smoothing. >Fig.6.Comparison of long-term changes in annual temperature reconstructed > from Taymir C1 chronology (2) with oxygen isotopic ratio in Greenland > ice cores (2)(according to Burroughs,1992). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >